Systematic Parasitology

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A) PROTOZOA

1. Intestinal protozoa
I) Amoebae. Entamoeba genus: E. histolytica. Iodamoeba and Blastocystis genera
II) Flagellates. Giardia genus. G. intestinalis
III) Ciliates. Balantidium genus. B. coli
IV) Coccidia and Microsporidia: Isospora genus: I. belli
                                                  Cryptosporidium genus: C. parvum
                                                  Cyclospora genus: C. Cayetanensis
                                                  Sarcocystes genus
                                                                  Microsporidia order

2. Hematic protozoa
- Plasmodium genus: Malaria
- Babesia genus: Babesia spp.
- Leishmania genus: L. donovani, L. tropica, L. braziliensis, L. mexicana
- Trypanosoma genus: T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense, T. cruzi

3. Protozoa of tissue and other localizations
I) Tissue-based: Toxoplasma genus: T. gondii
                           Pneumocystis genus: P. carinii
II) Others: Trichomonas genus: T. vaginalis
                  Naegleria genus
                  Acanthamoeba genus

B) HELMINTHS

1. Platyhelminths: Trematodes
I) Trematodes of the lungs and digestive system. Fasciola genus. F. hepatica
II) Hematic trematodes. Schistosoma genus

2. Platyhelminths: Cestodes
I) Intestinal cestodes (parasitism by adult cestodes): Taenia genus. T. solium and T. saginata Dipylidium caninum, Hymenolepis nana, Diphyllobothrium latum
II) Tissue-based cestodes (parasitism during larval stages). Echinococcus genus. E. granulosus Hydatid cyst

3. Intestinal nematodes:
- with exclusively intestinal habitat: Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris trichiura                              - with tissue migration of larvae: Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercolaris, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

4. Tissue-based nematodes
- Trichinella genus. T. spiralis. Trichinosis
- filaria that parasitize humans: Wuchereria, Brugia, Loa, Onchocerca, Mansonella genera
- filariasis: Dracunculus genus. D. medinensis

5. Arthropods of health interest: Arachnida: Acarina (mites, ticks); Araneida and Scorpionida  Insecta: Diptera; Heteroptera; Siphonaptera; Anoplura

Systematic Virology

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1. Herpes viruses
Herpesviridae family.
- Alphaherpesvirinae sub-family: Simplex Virus genus: herpes simplex virus types 1 and 22
- Varicella zoster virus
- Betaherpesvirinae subfamily: Cytomegalovirus genus: cytomegalovirus
- Gammaherpesvirinae sub-family: Lymphocryptovirus genus: Epstein-Barr virus
- Other unclassified herpes viruses: human herpes virus types 6, 7 and 8

2. Respiratory viruses
- F. Orthomyxoviridae
- Influenza virus A and B genus. Influenza virus C genus
- F. Paramyxoviridae. Paramyxovirinae sub-family. Paramyxovirus genus: parainfluenza virus
- Pneumovirinae sub-family. Pneumovirus genus: syncytial respiratory virus
- F. Adenoviridae
- Mastadenovirus genus. Adenovirus
- F. Picornaviridae
- Rhinovirus genus: Rhinovirus
- F. Coronaviridae: Coronavirus genus: Human coronavirus
- F. Reoviridae
- Orthoreovirus genus: Rheovirus

3. Enterovirus
- F. Picornaviridae
- Enterovirus genus. Poliomyelitis virus
- Enterovirus, Coxsackie virus and ECHO virus

4. Viruses which cause gastroenteritis
- F. Reoviridae
- Rotavirus genus. Rotavirus
- F. Caliciviridae. Calicivirus genus. Human calicivirus and Norwalk virus
- F. Adenoviridae: Mastadenovirus genus. Adenovirus: serotypes 40 and 41
- Others: human coronavirus and astrovirus

5. Viral hepatitis
- F. Hepadnaviridae
- Orthohepadnavirus genus. Hepatitis B virus
- F. Flaviviridae. Hepatitis C genus: Hepatitis C virus
- F. Picornaviridae
- Hepatovirus genus: Hepatitis A virus
- Other unclassified viruses that cause hepatitis: hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis E

6. Mumps virus and exanthematic viruses
- F. Paramyxoviridae: Paramyxovirinae sub-family: Paramyxovirus genus. Mumps virus
- Morbillivirus genus. Measles virus
- F. Togaviridae
- Rubivirus genus. Rubella virus
- F. Parvoviridae: Parvovirus genus: Parvovirus B19
- F. Herpesviridae. Type 6 human herpes virus

7. Rabies virus, arbovirus and other viruses which cause zoonosis
- F. Rhabdoviridae. Lyssavirus genus. Rabies virus
- Arbovirus: F. Togaviridae. Alphavirus genus. Western equine encephalitis virus
- F. Flaviviridae. Flavivirus genus. Yellow fever virus and dengue virus
- F. Bunyaviridae. Bunyavirus genus. F. Reoviridae. Orbivirus and Coltivirus genera
- Other viruses which cause zoonosis: F. Arenaviridae. Arenavirus genus. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and lassa fever virus
                                                             F. Filoviridae. Filovirus genus: Marburg and Ebola viruses. F. Bunyaviridae. Hantavirus genus. Hantaan virus

8. Retrovirus
- Oncovirinae sub-family. Group HTLVBLV genus. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2
- Lentivirinae sub-family. Lentivirus genus. Human immune deficiency virus types 1 and 2

9. Oncogene DNA viruses
- F. Papovaviridae. Papillomavirus genus. Human papilloma virus. Epstein-Barr virus. Hepatitis B and C viruses

10. Non-conventional agents: Viroids and prions

Systematic Bacteriology

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1. Staphylococcus genus
- S. aureus
- S. epidermidis
- S. saprophyticus

2. Streptococcus genus and Enterococcus genus
- Streptococcus pyogens (S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae) and streptococci of the viridans group
- S. pneumoniae
- Enterococcus genus

3. Clostridium genus and Bacillus genus
- C. tetani
- C. botulinum
- C. perfringens
- C. difficile
- Bacillus genus: B. anthracis and B. cereus

4. Corynebacterium genus and Listeria genus
- C. diphteriae
- L. monocytogenes

5. Neisseria genus
- N. gonorrhoeae
- N. meningitidis

6. Enterobacteriaceae family
- Salmonella genus
- Shigella genus
- Escherichia genus: E. coli
- Yersinia genus: Y. enterocolítica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. pestis

7. Vibrio genus, Campylobacter genus and Helicobacter genus
- V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus
- C. jejuni
- H. pylori

8. Haemophilus genus and Bordetella genus
- H. influenzae
- B. pertussis

9. Legionella genus
- L. pneumophila

10. Brucella genus and Francisella
- Brucella genus: Brucellosis
- Francisella genus: F. tularensis

11. Strict gram-negative aerobic bacteria and opportunistic anaerobic bacteria
- Pseudomonas genus
- opportunistic enterobacteria
- Moraxella genera
- Acinetobacter
- Aeromonas
- Plesiomonas

12. Strict opportunistic anaerobic bacteria
- Gram-negative bacteria: Veillonella, Bacteroides, Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium genera.
- Gram-positive bacteria: Propionibacterium, Eubacterium, Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus genera.

13. Spirochaetes
- Treponema genus. T. pallidum
- Borrelia genus. B. burgdorferi
- Leptospira genus. L. interrogans

14. Mycobacterium genus, Nocardia genus and Actinomyces genus
- M. tuberculosis, M. leprae
- Atypical mycobacteria: Nocardia genus, Actinomyces genus

15. Mycoplasma genus and Ureaplasma genus
- M. pneumoniae
- Ureaplasma genus

16. Rickettsia genus and Coxiella genus
- Rickettsia genus: R. conori
- Coxiella genus: C. burnetii

17. Chlamydia genus
- C. trachomatis
- C. psittaci
- C. pneumoniae

Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology

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A. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY:
1. Concept of medical microbiology and parasitology
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Viruses
5. Parasites: protozoa and helminths
6. Microbial genetics
7. Action of physical and chemical agents on microorganisms

B. PATHOGENY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MICROBIAL IMMUNOLOGY:
1. Interrelationship between host and microorganism
2. Non-specific defence mechanisms
3. Factors that determine pathogenic action
4. Specific defence mechanisms

C. BASIC PRINCIPLES IN THE DIAGNOSIS, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
1. Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
2. Epidemiology and prophylaxis of infectious diseases
3. Immunity to infection: Vaccines and serums

D. CHEMOTHERAPY:
1. Antibacterial and antifungal agents
2. Antiviral agents: antiparasitic agents

E. SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY

F. SYSTEMATIC MYCOLOGY
1. Superficial, cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis
2. Systemic mycosis
3. Opportunistic mycosis

G. SYSTEMATIC VIROLOGY

H. SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY