- CSF is formed by a combined process of plasma ultrafiltration and active secretion.
- Mechanical and osmotic barriers exist between plasma and CSF and between CSF and brain.
- Lumbar puncture is the preferred technique for CSF sampling.
- Normal CSF should be clear, colorless, and free of clotted material.
- CSF can be examined for presence of microbes using stains.
- Additionally, the chemical composition of CSF can be examined; tests of interest include glucose, protein, lactate, enzymes, glutamine, specific amino acids, biogenic amines, and various drugs.
Cerebrospinal fluid
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