BLOOD TYPE IDENTIFICATION: Based on characterization of an individual's blood according to the presence/absence of an antigen on the surface of his erythrocytes. Most blood group antigens are glycoprotein in nature and genetically stable.
The antigen-antibody reaction in which the blood group antigens and their specific antibodies participate is one of agglutination (of red blood cells). Hence, the antigens are also called agglutinogens and the antibodies also agglutinins.
In current medical practice, the ABO and Rh systems are important.
The main blood groups:
A
B
AB
0.
Rh factor (Rhesus) is a group of antigens that may be present or absent on the surface of erythrocytes. Most people have Rh factor present on erythrocytes, so they are called Rh positive. Rh negative: do not have the Rh factor present.
Incompatibility of Rh positive blood with Rh negative blood is an important cause of transfusion reactions and haemolytic diseases in newborns.
BLOOD TYPE COMPATIBILITY RESUME
+ : Rh present; - : Rh absent
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